https://www.netutil.app/zh-hans/tags/privacy/ Recent content in Privacy on NetUtil Hugo zh-Hans Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.netutil.app/zh-hans/blog/change-dns-mac/ Sat, 16 May 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://www.netutil.app/zh-hans/blog/change-dns-mac/ <p>您的网络连接默认使用ISP的DNS服务器。您从未选择过它们，可能也不知道它们的地址，而且它们的速度、隐私性或安全性可能不如其他替代方案。在Mac上更改DNS大约只需两分钟，而且能带来明显的改善。</p> <h2 id="为什么要更换dns服务器">为什么要更换DNS服务器</h2> <p><strong>速度。</strong> ISP的DNS服务器通常未经过优化。Cloudflare和Google专门为低延迟而大规模运营DNS基础设施。在许多地区，切换到公共DNS解析器可以加快页面加载速度，因为连接网站时的DNS解析步骤会更快完成。</p> <p><strong>隐私。</strong> 您的DNS提供商可以看到您访问的每个域名。您ISP的DNS日志可以由其保留或出售，这取决于其隐私政策和当地法规。Cloudflare的1.1.1.1明确声明不记录查询IP地址，且该承诺经过第三方审计。</p> <p><strong>安全性。</strong> Quad9（9.9.9.9）会将DNS查询与威胁情报数据库进行交叉核对。如果您尝试访问已知的恶意软件或钓鱼网站，Quad9会在您的浏览器建立连接之前就阻止该查询。</p> <p><strong>家长控制。</strong> Cloudflare的1.1.1.3在DNS层面屏蔽成人内容。Google也提供类似的过滤选项。这不是完美的保护措施，但无需在设备上安装任何软件即可生效。</p> <p><strong>地理限制内容。</strong> 某些DNS提供商通往内容分发网络的路径更快。少数专业DNS服务（如NextDNS）还提供管理访问的功能。单纯更改DNS无法像VPN那样突破访问限制，但在某些情况下可以改善路由。</p> <h2 id="dns的实际工作原理">DNS的实际工作原理</h2> <p>当您在浏览器中输入域名时，Mac会询问DNS服务器该域名对应的IP地址。通常这个请求会发送到您ISP的服务器。如果您更改了DNS设置，请求就会发送到您选择的服务器。</p> <figure class="blog-svg" role="img" aria-labelledby="dns-svg-title dns-svg-desc"> <svg viewBox="0 0 700 260" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;"> <title id="dns-svg-title">Custom DNS vs ISP DNS routing</title> <desc id="dns-svg-desc">Two paths showing DNS resolution. The top path shows your Mac going through ISP DNS to the internet. The bottom path shows your Mac going through a custom DNS resolver to the internet. The custom path is highlighted in blue.</desc> <style> .svg-label { font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; fill: #1d1d1f; } .svg-sublabel { font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; fill: #6e6e73; } .svg-path-label { font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; } .box-default { fill: #F5F5F7; stroke: #D2D2D7; stroke-width: 1.5; } .box-highlight { fill: #E8F0FF; stroke: #007AFF; stroke-width: 1.5; } .box-isp { fill: #FFF3F3; stroke: #FF3B30; stroke-width: 1.5; } .box-inet { fill: #F5F5F7; stroke: #D2D2D7; stroke-width: 1.5; } .arrow-default { stroke: #8E8E93; stroke-width: 2; fill: none; } .arrow-highlight { stroke: #007AFF; stroke-width: 2; fill: none; } .arrow-isp { stroke: #FF3B30; stroke-width: 2; fill: none; stroke-dasharray: 6 3; } .divider { stroke: #D2D2D7; stroke-width: 1; stroke-dasharray: 4 4; } @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { .svg-label { fill: #F5F5F7; } .svg-sublabel { fill: #8E8E93; } .box-default { fill: #2C2C2E; stroke: #48484A; } .box-highlight { fill: #1C2E4A; stroke: #0A84FF; } .box-isp { fill: #3A1C1C; stroke: #FF453A; } } @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .fade-in { animation: none !important; opacity: 1 !important; } } .fade-in-1 { animation: fadeIn 0.4s ease-out 0.2s both; } .fade-in-2 { animation: fadeIn 0.4s ease-out 0.6s both; } .fade-in-3 { animation: fadeIn 0.4s ease-out 1.0s both; } .fade-in-4 { animation: fadeIn 0.4s ease-out 1.4s both; } @keyframes fadeIn { from { opacity: 0; } to { opacity: 1; } } </style> <defs> <marker id="arrow-gray" markerWidth="8" markerHeight="6" refX="8" refY="3" orient="auto"> <polygon points="0 0, 8 3, 0 6" fill="#8E8E93"/> </marker> <marker id="arrow-blue" markerWidth="8" markerHeight="6" refX="8" refY="3" orient="auto"> <polygon points="0 0, 8 3, 0 6" fill="#007AFF"/> </marker> <marker id="arrow-red" markerWidth="8" markerHeight="6" refX="8" refY="3" orient="auto"> <polygon points="0 0, 8 3, 0 6" fill="#FF3B30"/> </marker> </defs> <!-- Row labels --> <text x="16" y="80" class="svg-path-label" style="fill: #8E8E93;">默认</text> <text x="16" y="185" class="svg-path-label" style="fill: #007AFF;">自定义DNS</text> <!-- Divider --> <line x1="10" y1="130" x2="690" y2="130" class="divider"/> <!-- ===== TOP ROW: Default / ISP DNS ===== --> <!-- Mac box --> <rect x="100" y="52" width="90" height="50" rx="8" class="box-default fade-in-1"/> <text x="145" y="74" text-anchor="middle" class="svg-label fade-in-1">Your Mac</text> <!-- Arrow: Mac -> ISP DNS --> <line x1="190" y1="77" x2="278" y2="77" class="arrow-isp fade-in-1" marker-end="url(#arrow-red)"/> <!-- ISP DNS box --> <rect x="280" y="52" width="110" height="50" rx="8" class="box-isp fade-in-2"/> <text x="335" y="72" text-anchor="middle" class="svg-label fade-in-2">ISP DNS</text> <text x="335" y="90" text-anchor="middle" class="svg-sublabel fade-in-2">logs your queries</text> <!-- Arrow: ISP DNS -> Internet --> <line x1="390" y1="77" x2="478" y2="77" class="arrow-isp fade-in-2" marker-end="url(#arrow-red)"/> <!-- Internet box --> <rect x="480" y="52" width="90" height="50" rx="8" class="box-inet fade-in-3"/> <text x="525" y="81" text-anchor="middle" class="svg-label fade-in-3">Internet</text> <!-- ===== BOTTOM ROW: Custom DNS ===== --> <!-- Mac box --> <rect x="100" y="158" width="90" height="50" rx="8" class="box-highlight fade-in-1"/> <text x="145" y="180" text-anchor="middle" class="svg-label fade-in-1">Your Mac</text> <!-- Arrow: Mac -> Custom DNS --> <line x1="190" y1="183" x2="278" y2="183" class="arrow-highlight fade-in-1" marker-end="url(#arrow-blue)"/> <!-- Custom DNS box --> <rect x="280" y="158" width="110" height="50" rx="8" class="box-highlight fade-in-2"/> <text x="335" y="178" text-anchor="middle" class="svg-label fade-in-2">Custom DNS</text> <text x="335" y="196" text-anchor="middle" class="svg-sublabel fade-in-2">1.1.1.1 / 8.8.8.8 / 9.9.9.9</text> <!-- Arrow: Custom DNS -> Internet --> <line x1="390" y1="183" x2="478" y2="183" class="arrow-highlight fade-in-3" marker-end="url(#arrow-blue)"/> <!-- Internet box --> <rect x="480" y="158" width="90" height="50" rx="8" class="box-inet fade-in-3"/> <text x="525" y="187" text-anchor="middle" class="svg-label fade-in-3">Internet</text> </svg> <figcaption>使用自定义DNS后，您的查询会发送到您选择的解析器，而不是ISP的默认服务器。</figcaption> </figure> <p>默认情况下，此更改会影响全系统，包括所有应用和浏览器。DNS配置位于&quot;网络&quot;设置中，而不在任何浏览器内部。</p>